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FOB and CIF are the two most popular price terms of the Inco terms. What are the differences? Should you buy CIF or FOB?

A good rule of thumb when doing business in international trade is that you should buy FOB and sell CIF. Why is this a good rule to follow? The reason is very obvious. When you sell CIF you can make a slightly higher profit and when you buy FOB you can save on costs. Let me explain how.

An importer must look into the options of buying the goods under the terms that are more favorable to his or her expenses. So what does FOB and CIF means ?

CIF – COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT (named port of destination):
Seller must pay the costs and freight includes insurance to bring the goods to the port of destination. However, risk is transferred to the buyer once the goods are loaded on the ship.

FOB – FREE ON BOARD (named port of shipment):

The seller must themselves load the goods on board the ship nominated by the buyer, cost and risk being divided at ship’s rail. The seller must clear the goods for export. Maritime transport only but NOT for multimodal sea transport in containers.

The major difference between CIF and FOB is the transportation costs and insurance during it.

Why buy CIF?

Importers generally buy CIF if they are new in international trade or they have very small cargo. It is a more convenient way of shipping since they don’t have to deal with freight or other shipping details, but you must realize that you are probably paying a lot more to get the goods than you should. Your supplier is responsible for arranging the freight and insurance details. Handling freight may be too detailed or complicated for a new importer, therefore they simply let their supplier deliver the product to them. It is an easy way of bringing the cargo from point A to point B without dealing with details but with a higher cost. Why CIF might cost you more? The vendor often will work with his own forwarder and mark up the cost offered from his forwarder as an additional way of making profit.

Having CIF terms might not work for you when you start buying more. As the number of CIF shipments increase, more problems can occur, since obtaining accurate shipment information becomes more difficult. Overseas suppliers might not help you on a timely manner to handle service issues that might develop in transit. Their responsibility ends on destination port and for any problem, you may have to bear extra demurrage, per diem or unexpected shipping related costs. Importers have to rely on their supplier and the freight agent they are using. The communication and information flow might be a hassle and even a day delay can be very costly.

Also take into consideration that when you buy CIF you might end up paying duty on the freight and insurance charges your supplier adding on. The freight and insurance charges are not dutiable but it can be very difficult to separate those from the actual invoice value. These costs can not be estimated. It has to be actual ones and evidence of payment must be submitted to US customs. This is not a problem when you buy FOB since those charges are not in the selling prices.

Why buy FOB?

Buying Free On Board simply has two major benefits over CIF. You have better control of the freight and the freight cost. The cost is always important and you will have a better chance of gaining a more competitive freight rate. Using your own freight forwarder will help you obtain more accurate information in a timely manner. They can assist you better once a problem arises. The logistic partner you choose always works together with you for your best interest not your suppliers.

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Numerous studies are showing a link between chlorine intake and cancer, heart attacks and other negative health effects.

This occurs when chlorine byproducts trigger harmful free radicals in the body and inhibit other cellular processes. While drinking water with chlorination causes the most damage, cooking and bathing with it can also expose you to negative health effects.  Keep in mind, the lungs and skin can be just as sensitive as internal organs.

The practice of chlorination has been used since the 1800s, although it didn’t become a standard until the early 1900s. It’s utilized primarily because it is the cheapest way to disinfect large amounts of water. However, it is far from the safest.  In fact, using chlorine in water  is like pouring bleach in it.

Drinking water with chlorine can elevate cancer risk by up to 93 percent

The U.S. Council of Environmental Quality has estimated that cancer risk among those who drink chlorinated water can be up to 93 percent higher than those who don’t.

A 1960s book by Dr. Joseph Price called “Coronaries Cholesterol Chlorine” was one of the first publications to expose the connection between chlorine and a higher risk of stroke and heart attack.  Test animals exposed to chlorinated water during research studies showed at least some levels of circulatory or heart issues, whereas those not exposed to this toxic element showed no evidence of these problems. Chickens exposed to chlorinated water showed evidence of overall poor circulation as well as drooping in their feathers, lethargy, and visible shivering.

By contrast, animals not exposed to chlorine show better growth rates and much more vigorous overall health. (This is an indicator that pets and farm animals should also be given non-chlorinated water)

Unpopular truth: The trouble with trihalomethanes

Trihalomethanes are the chlorination byproducts that form when chlorine that has been added to drinking water binds with other natural biological compounds in the water. The trihalomethanes then cause free radical production in the body, which leads to accelerated cellular damage and a much higher risk of cancer.

Some scientists believe these chlorine byproducts are the main cause of many of the cancers experienced by human beings today.

The EPA and the Environmental Defense Fund label chlorine a pesticide, since its main purpose is to kill living organisms.   However, it continues to kill when it gets inside the human body, causing damage to the cells and systems. It is also a catalyst for cancer.  A Hartford Connecticut area study found women with breast cancer had at least 50 percent higher chlorination byproduct levels in their breast tissue.

Exposure through the skin and lungs increases risk

Again, drinking bleached water isn’t the only problem. Taking chlorine byproducts in through the skin and lungs during a hot bath or shower also increases exposure. It is estimated that steam can contain as much as 50 times the chemicals found in water, and inhalation brings them directly into the bloodstream.

Fortunately, water filtration can help to remove unwanted chemicals and the resultant trihalomethanes from drinking water. The Berkey home water purification system allows you to have safe, clean, healthy water at all times, and electricity is not required to operate the system.

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Why Love H2O?

What does the name mean and what does it do for the water?

Most water on the market does not hydrate the human body. The body has to work hard to convert the water into a more complex structure to vitalize the body

Everything in life carries an energy, words, thoughts, everything in life is energy, by giving the water the name Love it carries over the Love vibration that changes the molecular structure of the water, as scientifically showcased by Dr Emoto.

In order to change a good mineral water into a brilliant mineral water, the mineral composition of the water and the pH needs to be balanced. Love H2O is a alkaline water, with a pH of 7.8. The pH of the human body needs to be between 7.365 and 7.4 to be in balance. Because of our lifestyle, stress, incorrect eating habits and food processing we do not get all the minerals that our bodies need. Most of the drinks that we consume are very acidic, such as most of the energy drinks on the market.

Certain products are acidic, and others are alkaline but then again you get certain acidic foods that change into alkaline or acidic ash in the body. Potassium, magnesium, calcium and sodium are alkalising elements that change the pH of your body to be more alkaline. Our Love H2O has all the right minerals to fuel the body. Everybody understands that you have to have a certain amount of water every day because 70% of the body consists of water and 85% of your brain consists of water, but when you do fuel your body with the wrong water various changes will occur, such as memory loss, arthritis, gout and lots more. To hydrate the body, you have to have the perfect water to recharge and energise your body.

The mineral composition at source:

Calcium Ca 13.3mg/l ; Magnesium Mg 16.4mg/l ; Sodium Na 11.8mg/l ; Potassium K 1.2mg/l ; Chloride Cl <3mg/l ; Sulphate SO4 <5mg/l ; Alkalinity CaCO3 97mg/l ; Nitrate N <0.3mg/l ; Flouride F <0.2mg/l ; pH 7.8mg/l ; TDS 144mg/l

Understanding pH and Health

The following has an influence on the pH of the body

• H2O
• Diet
• Breathing
• Exercise
• Emotions

Factors Influencing Body pH Levels

The following factors will have an influence on the pH Level of the body:

Acidic Foods … such as fast foods, meats, grains, greens, most fruits, refined salt, sugar, condiments (pickles, ketchup, etc.), soda pop etc. have a pH ranging from 2.8 to 5.5 which is highly acidic.

Alkaline Foods … Almonds, all melons, unpasteurized honey, bee pollen, maple syrup, figs, dates, natural yogurt, cheese and dairies, earth vegetables, apricots, avocados, coconut, grapes, molasses, raisins and lemon … are all alkaline forming foods.

Emotions … The Alkaline Level of the body are also greatly influenced by your emotions. Joyous, happy, love-filled emotions tend to create alkaline-forming chemical reactions in the body. Conversely, emotions which are filled with anger, fear, jealousy, hate, etc. ... create acidic-forming chemical reaction in the body.

This one of the reasons that I Omar Botha have chosen this name Love for the water because words, thoughts and emotions are vibrations in life. Over acidification of the body (cells, tissues & fluids) is the greatest contributor to illness.

Acidification leads to the build-up of toxins, as well as the growth of dangerous microforms like yeasts (Candida), fungi, and harmful bacteria.This toxicity leads to stress, and eventual sickness. Modern daily diets and lifestyles create this morbid, acidic environment in your body.The pH level (acid - alkaline measurement) of your internal fluids affects every cell in your body.

Your body regulates its pH just like it regulates its temperature. In doing so, it will even create stress on other tissues or body systems if it must. Since your blood MUST maintain a very narrow pH range of 7.365 To 7.40, your body will do all sorts of things in order to deal with excess acidity. It will flush excess acids into fat cells (which is why you can't seem to lose those extra pounds)....

When the pH of your body becomes (too acidic), you may experience low energy, fatigue, excess weight, poor digestion, aches and pains, and even more serious disorders. The pH scale goes from 0 to 14. At pH 7, the half way point, there is a balance between acidity and alkalinity.

The "p" comes from the word power or potential. The "H" is the symbol for the element of hydrogen. Together, the term pH means "Potential of hydrogen". The pH scale is logarithmic. So, for example, urinary pH of 6 is 10 times more acidic than 7. This imbalance is relatively easy to correct.

On the other hand, urinary pH of 5 is quite a different story. While it may appear that 5 is only "One point less" than a reading of 6, in actuality it is 100 times more acidic than 7.To maintain good health the body is constantly seeking to get rid of the excess acids that irritate the tissues and deplete them of minerals.

One of the principal systems it uses for this purpose is the renal system (kidneys). The normal rate of acid excretion through the kidneys gives urine a pH that falls between 7.0 and 7.5.

• What is Love?

True love is neither physical, nor romantic.
True love is an acceptance of all that is, has been, will be, and will not be.

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Water Fluoridation Linked to Higher Prevalence of ADHD

A new study links water fluoridation to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the United States. The study,1 entitled: “Exposure to fluoridated water and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder prevalence among children and adolescents in the United States: an ecological association,” was published in the journal Environmental Health in February.

According to the authors:

“State prevalence of artificial water fluoridation in 1992 significantly positively predicted state prevalence of ADHD in 2003, 2007 and 2011, even after controlling for socioeconomic status.

A multivariate regression analysis showed that after socioeconomic status was controlled each 1 percent increase in artificial fluoridation prevalence in 1992 was associated with approximately 67,000 to 131,000 additional ADHD diagnoses from 2003 to 2011.

Overall state water fluoridation prevalence (not distinguishing between fluoridation types) was also significantly positively correlated with state prevalence of ADHD for all but one year examined.

Conclusions: Parents reported higher rates of medically-diagnosed ADHD in their children in states in which a greater proportion of people receive fluoridated water from public water supplies."

Elevated Hypothyroidism Rates Linked to Fluoride Consumption in the UK

Also in February, a major fluoridation study was published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health--a British Medical Journal (BMJ)publication—and it’s already getting major media attention.2

The study3,4,5 is a large observational evaluation of GP practice data and fluoride levels in drinking water. It’s the first study to ever look at fluoridation and hypothyroidism in a large population, in this case, England.

It found a relatively strong and statistically significant effect, with General Practice (GP) areas being 62 percent more likely to have high rates of diagnosed hypothyroidism if their drinking water fluoride levels were above 0.7ppm compared to areas with fluoride levels below 0.3ppm.

This was after researchers had accounted for key confounders, which are other factors that influence hypothyroid rates.

An additional comparison was performed of two large metropolitan regions, one that is artificially fluoridated at a level of about 1.0 ppm (greater Birmingham area), and the other which is nearby and similar demographics but is not artificially fluoridated (greater Manchester),

The study found a 94 percent greater probability that GPs in fluoridated Birmingham would have high hypothyroidism rates compared to Manchester. For all of England, the prevalence rate of hypothyroidism was almost 10 percent greater in those GPs with higher fluoride levels compared to those with lowest levels.

The findings led to the researchers calling for a “rethink of public health policy to fluoridate the water supply,” adding “consideration needs to be given to reducing fluoride exposure, and public dental health interventions should stop [those] reliant on ingested fluoride and switch to topical fluoride-based and non-fluoride-based interventions.”

Fluoride Is an Endocrine Disruptor

According to FAN’s Science Director, Chris Neurath:

“Scientific and medical research stretching back to the 1920s has shown that fluoride can affect the thyroid. The levels of fluoride exposure known to lower thyroid function overlap with the levels of exposure known to occur in some people drinking artificially fluoridated water.

Hypothyroidism is a very common disorder in the US. It can have serious adverse health effects. Reduced thyroid function in pregnant women is linked to reduced IQ in their children.

There is accumulating evidence that fluoride, at levels within the range fluoridated populations are exposed to, is associated with lowered IQ. Fluoride's effect on thyroid function might be the mechanism by which it lowers IQ.”

The article notes that "thyroid dysfunction is a common endocrine disorder..." The first time fluoride was labeled an endocrine disrupter was in the 2006 report6 of the National Resource Council of the National Academies.

According to the National Institutes of Health,7 “Research shows that endocrine disruptors may pose the greatest risk during prenatal and early postnatal development when organ and neural systems are forming.”

As far as we know, promoters pushing fluoridation have never referred to this ominous label. FAN’s study tracker8 also contains a number of previous studies showing fluoride has a detrimental effect on thyroid health.

The Wonders of Water: Amazing Secrets for Health and Wellness
Water prevents and helps to cure heartburn.
Heartburn is a signal of water shortage in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. It is a major thirst signal of the human body. The use of antacids or tablet medications in the treatment of this pain does not correct dehydration, and the body continues to suffer as a result of its water shortage.
Not recognizing heartburn as a sign of dehydration and treating it with antacids and pill medications will, in time, produce inflammation of the stomach and duodenum, hiatal hernia, ulceration, and eventually cancers in the gastrointestinal tract, including the liver and pancreas.
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Water prevents and helps to cure arthritis.
Rheumatoid joint pain - arthritis - is a signal of water shortage in the painful joint. It can affect the young as well as the old. The use of pain-killers does not cure the problem, but exposes the person to further damage from pain medications. Intake of water and small amounts of salt will cure this problem.
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Water prevents and helps to cure back pain.
Low back pain and ankylosing arthritis of the spine are signs of water shortage in the spinal column and discs - the water cushions that support the weight of the body. These conditions should be treated with increased water intake - not a commercial treatment, but a very effective one.

Not recognizing arthritis and low back pain as signs of dehydration in the joint cavities and treating them with pain-killers, manipulation, acupuncture, and eventually surgery will, in time, produce osteoarthritis when the cartilage cells in the joints have eventually all died. It will produce deformity of the spine. It will produce crippling deformities of the limbs. Pain medications have their own life-threatening complications.
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Water prevents and helps to cure angina.
Heart pain - angina - is a sign of water shortage in the heart/lung axis. It should be treated with increased water intake until the patient is free of pain and independent of medications. Medical supervision is prudent. However, increased water intake is angina's cure.
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Water prevents and helps to cure migraines.
Migraine headache is a sign of water need by the brain and the eyes. It will totally clear up if dehydration is prevented from establishing in the body. The type of dehydration that causes migraine might eventually cause inflammation of the back of the eye and possibly loss of eye sight.
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Water prevents and helps to cure colitis.
Colitis pain is a signal of water shortage in the large gut. It is associated with constipation because the large intestine constricts to squeeze the last drop of water from the excrements - thus the lack of water lubrication.

Not recognizing colitis pain as a sign of dehydration will cause persistent constipation. Later in life, it will cause fecal impacting: it can cause diverticulitis, hemorrhoids and polyps, and appreciably increases the possibility of developing cancer of the colon and rectum.
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